Joy

("Stress"-6)

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Function of the Penalty

Grief is an emotion available to us to cope with Loss .

For example: Loss of a person, loss of a relationship, loss of a connection, loss of an illusion, loss of confidence, loss of a project, leaving a place full of memories, sorrows etc.

It is an emotion useful at Levels A , C , G and U [1] of a Person.

Its evolutionary function is:

Reflection and Call for Social Support, promoting adaptation after loss or failure.

For effective management of our stress, we will have to consider, further on, ways of "discharging" the Pain, especially when its "discharge" has been "deferred" and "accumulated".

Pain and Sadness

Pain should trigger tears of sobs. Those sobs that, even after they have calmed down, continue to make our viscera tremble.

The Pain has both a physiological manifestation at Level- A and a psychological manifestation at Level -C .

Pain has the characteristics of an emotion due to its spontaneous, automatic nature, over a short period of time.

We believe that sadness is more of a feeling than an emotion. It can work over time.

Typically human

Pain as humans experience it seems specifically human.

The Loss that triggers it invokes a conscience , a Resource " Law " [2] , a void that often does not "fill". A void that humans know how to "circle" with words.

And seeing Pain in animals is probably an anthropomorphic projection that makes us attribute this human emotion to them.

And it's probably the same for Sadness.

The Physiological Mechanisms (Level-A) of Pain

• Decrease in serotonin (linked to well-being) and increase in cortisol (stress hormone), leading to a drop in energy.

• Activation of the anterior cingulate cortex, associated with emotional pain .

According to William H. Frey II ( biochemist) [3]:

• Emotional tears (related to loss, grief) are distinguished by a richer chemical composition, notably in proteins, stress hormones (cortisol, ACTH), and various compounds “to be eliminated” by the body.

• Emotional tears contain more stress-related hormones (cortisol, adrenocorticotropin), as well as substances that serve to "relieve" the body of emotional stress.

• Composition of tears: three types.

  • Basal tears: Normal lubrication of the eye.

  • Reflex tears: In response to an irritant (smoke, onion).

  • Emotional tears: Linked to a strong emotion (sorrow, loss, joy, etc.).

The chemical composition of tears of sorrow demonstrates their important role in "emotional release" following stress. They contain more substances related to stress or emotional pain, and actually participate in a mechanism for the body to clear these substances.

"Crocodile tears" do not contain the same chemical cocktail: they are closer to basal or reflex tears, mainly made of water, salts and a little protein.

The "valve" feeling

If the difficult emotion is pain, then it will often be deferred, accumulated without our knowledge, in our awareness. The difficult emotion of Pain will develop , over time, the chronic relief feeling of "Looking Away," out of fear of Pain. It can lead to a loss of bearings that can go as far as denials of Reality.

And then what?

We have just begun to get to know the third of the four key emotions (fear, anger, grief, joy).

We are going to get to know the fourth key emotion: Joy (and strong Intimacy).

Let's imagine we have a pressure cooker for each of the four key emotions (fear, anger, grief, joy). The "Fear" pressure cooker

An emotion triggered to quickly mobilize resources to face danger or a physical challenge, which is why adrenaline is called the "stress hormone" or "emergency hormone." It mobilizes energy for a rapid reaction. An emotion that serves the individual's survival, first and foremost.

“I think a lot of people use resilience as a way to motivate themselves to do more, to be more… and it starts to feel a lot like performance and less like actual growth,” therapist Meghan Watson tells HuffPost.

the mother of all emotions

Ex: anxiety shaped by fear but also, we say, by sadness or loss of control or imminent danger, real or anticipated. In fact, by the fear of being afraid, the fear of the consequences of expressing one's anger, the fear of pain, of loss, of disappointment, of having misplaced one's trust, the fear of fusion, of connection, of joy

1. Fear

• Biological mechanisms :

  • Theamygdala (limbic system) triggers a chain reaction in the face of a perceived threat 1 6 .

  • Release ofadrenaline andnoradrenaline from the adrenal glands, accelerating the heart rate and preparing the body to flee or fight 4 5 .

• Scalable function :

  • Alert to danger, optimizing survival by mobilizing energy for rapid reaction 2 11 .

2. Anger

• Biological mechanisms :

  • Activation of theamygdala andprefrontal cortex , with secretion ofnoradrenaline (increased muscle tension and energy) 8 9 .

  • Increased blood flow to the muscles, lending to action 3 7 .

• Scalable function :

  • Defense against threats or injustices, allowing to reestablish limits or social status 2 10 .

3. Sadness (sorrow)

• Biological mechanisms :

  • Decrease inserotonin (linked to well-being) and increase in cortisol (stress hormone), leading to a drop in energy 8 3 .

  • Activation of theanterior cingulate cortex , associated with emotional pain 9 .

• Scalable function :

  • Reflection andappeal to social support , promoting adaptation after loss or failure 2 7 .

4. Joy

• Biological mechanisms :

  • Activation of thereward circuit (nucleus accumbens) viadopamine , creating a feeling of pleasure 5 9 .

  • Release ofendorphins and oxytocin, reducing stress and strengthening social bonds 3 5 .

• Scalable function :

  • Reinforcement of beneficial behaviors (e.g., cooperation, reproduction) and consolidation of social relationships 2 11 .

These mechanisms reflect anevolutionary optimization : each emotion activates specific bodily and neurochemical responses to meet environmental challenges (survival, social cohesion, adaptation)

If the meeting had been short enough to still feel your anger at the end, perhaps you would have used the "valve" spontaneously with a trusted person along the way.

Our experience has shown us that with good information about emotions and the "common sense" that comes from them, it has helped many at-risk people to move away from the "exhaustion" stage of stress], the stage of depression or burnout.

It seems to us that the words used for the three stages have a deeper meaning than at first level.

Let's take a trivial example.

fear, the mother of all emotions

anxiety the mother of all feelings

never let a feeling flourish without finding meaning in it

never leave a charged emotion without discharging it.

When you have dealt with your emotions and feelings, you will have done the bulk of the work, you will have emptied your pressure cookers sufficiently and recovered some margin for life.

Don't hoard, don't inhibit yourself, let life react, adapt, SPEAK to begin with,

DEFER is our human strength, DEFER is our trap.

What Seyle calls "adaptation energy" is the immobilized energy to be kept away in the INSU.

post-traumatic stress

Deferring an advantage and a trap

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The Next Episode: Joy .

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References

[1] See the series , an introduction to the Model-2L, on the Matrix-2L .

[2] See the Model-2L introductory series on the LINK and LAW Resources

[x] William H. Frey II , with Muriel Langseth, Crying: The Mystery of Tears , Winston Press, 1985

[2] Walter Bradford Cannon , The Wisdom of the Body , 1932, WW Norton & Company. The concept of flight or fight has its origins in the work of this physiologist.

[3] Adrenaline : a hormone and neurotransmitter, produced mainly by the adrenal glands, released into the body during situations of stress, fear or intense effort, to prepare the body to react quickly, causes: Acceleration of the heart rate / Increase in blood pressure / Dilation of the bronchi and pupils / Release of energy (increase in blood sugar level) / Temporary inhibition of digestion.

[4] Noradrenaline : A hormone and neurotransmitter, it belongs to the catecholamine family , like adrenaline and dopamine. It is produced primarily in the brain and by nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system, but also in smaller quantities by the adrenal glands. Like adrenaline, it is involved in the "fight or flight" response, but noradrenaline is more involved in the fine regulation of alertness, wakefulness, attention, memory, and emotions. It causes vasoconstriction (reduction in the diameter of blood vessels), increases heart rate, the force of contraction of the heart, and the release of glucose into the blood.

[5] Henri Laborit : French physician and neurobiologist. " The Inhibition of Action ", Masson, 1979, and " In Praise of Flight ", Robert Laffont, 1976.

[2] See the introductory series to the Model-2L on the 4 RTIV Stages

[[4] See the 2L Model introductory series on Growth and Survival

[5] See the Model-2L introductory series on INSU

Adrenaline (or epinephrine) is a hormone and neurotransmitter producedprimarily by the adrenal glands, located above the kidneys 1 2 3 . It is released into the body during situations of stress, fear, or intense exertion, to prepare the body to react quickly - this is the famous "fight or flight" response 1 4 5 .

On a physiological level, adrenaline causes:

• Increased heart rate

• Increased blood pressure

• Dilation of the bronchi and pupils

• Energy release (increase in blood sugar level)

• Temporary inhibition of digestion 1 2 5

These effects allow the body to quickly mobilize its resources to deal with danger or a physical challenge, which is why adrenaline is called the "stress hormone" or "emergency hormone."

Noradrenaline (or norepinephrine) is both a hormone and a neurotransmitter, belonging to the catecholamine family like adrenaline and dopamine 1 2 6 . It is mainly produced in the brain (notably by the locus coeruleus) and by the nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system, but also in smaller quantities by the adrenal glands 1 5 6 .

Main roles:

• Stress response : Norepinephrine prepares the body to respond to danger or stress by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, alertness, and attention 2 5 7 .

• Action on organs : It causes vasoconstriction (reduction in the diameter of blood vessels), increases heart rate, the force of contraction of the heart and the release of glucose into the blood 2 6 .

• Brain functions : In the brain, it is involved in the regulation of alertness, wakefulness, attention, memory and emotions 1 4 6 .

Difference with adrenaline:

• Adrenaline acts primarily as a circulating hormone in the blood, while noradrenaline acts primarily as a neurotransmitter at nerve synapses, although it can also have a hormonal effect 1 2 5 .

• Both are involved in the "fight or flight" response, but noradrenaline is more involved in the fine regulation of alertness, attention, and cognitive functions 4 6 .

In summary, norepinephrine is essential for the body's rapid adaptation to stress and for the regulation of many physiological and mental functions.